LawProse Lessons

One common problem that legal writers have is plunging into sections of a project before developing a good sense of the whole. Imagine building parts of a house before having an architectural plan. A superb technique for team writing projects is to have every member individually prepare point headings—full-sentence propositions. These team members must be […]

In 1943, Robert Graves and Alan Hodge wrote a classic book on English prose: The Reader over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose. It has stayed in print ever since, enjoying a particular upsurge in sales when re-released in the late 1970s. In their opening chapter, Graves and Hodge focus on a

It was Samuel Goldwyn, the film producer, who said that a verbal contract isn’t worth the paper it’s written on. This witticism depends on our understanding the word verbal as equivalent to oral (or spoken). But is it? The most traditional meaning of verbal is “having to do with words.” If that’s so, then even

A highly effective piece of writing—this includes legal writing—uses the resources of language so efficiently that readers are unconscious of manner and become aware only of matter. With a brief or motion, judicial readers readily perceive the argument, and the basis for it, without ever being baffled—and without even thinking that they’re reading an argument.

From elementary-school days, people learn—and should continue learning—how to write forceful and grammatically correct sentences. If you have this skill, you have a good start on writing well. But there’s much more to it. You must cultivate the skill of combining sentences into logically coherent paragraphs. By way of analogy, paragraphs are to sentences what

How is it done? You must study good models, practice steadily, and learn to develop and support suitable arguments. The whole point of schooling—of the weary grind in learning certain things by rote (whether a foreign language, English grammar, or the multiplication tables of old)—isn’t to acquire facts but instead to train your mind to

A brief must satisfy the judge that the solutions it offers provide the best course of action: reverse, affirm, or remand with instructions. Or if it’s a motion: grant or deny, perhaps with qualifications. There’s no fill-in-the-blanks method—no “five easy steps.” There are no ready formulas or previously unrevealed secrets. Yet there are techniques for

Many beginning legal writers think that established ones must have a formula for success. That’s just not so. The only secrets of success—beyond constant study of quality nonfiction and effective editorials—are dogged research, unstinting discipline, the embrace of individuality, and the spurning of complacency. These qualities lead to a kind of organized freedom. What makes

For most people, writing is a frustrating and often unpleasant experience. If you actually enjoy the process, you’re both unusual and fortunate. Although every competent writer enjoys having written, composing the first draft is, for the majority, a difficult and joyless task—or perhaps an absolute horror. If you feel that way, you probably delay a

Admittedly, there’s no universal method. But in a recent interview with Oxford University Press, Bryan A. Garner explains what made him such an inveterate word-lover—a passion that started in his teens. His path was unconventional, to say the least, and we think you’ll find the story charming. The interview is here. You’re sure to encounter

A big problem haunts every composition course and every expository writer: how to attack a rhetorical challenge and work out the details. How do you start a writing project, and how do you complete it efficiently? If a writing course merely focuses on what sentences and paragraphs should end up resembling, students are left to

It’s only slumbering. It can be awakened through study and practice. It takes time and effort. Some villains poison, strangle, and knife good writing by pandering to credulity and indolence—promoting the false belief that there’s a quick-and-easy method that will magically improve writing with miraculously little work. At LawProse, we promote good writing as a

At LawProse, we don’t teach remedial writing. The legal writers who benefit most from our seminars are the ones who are already quite good. Why is that? Because those are the ones who actually attend. So it’s natural that we’d focus on them. Why are bad legal writers unlikely to attend? Because incompetence doesn’t recognize itself.

What do judges and law clerks want from a brief-writer? Once your readers sit down to focus—perhaps in a receptive mood—they demand certain information: What does the statute or contract actually require, and what precisely has happened between the parties? Does the text apply, or does it not? If it’s a criminal case, judicial readers want to

Within the legal profession, there is an enormous and ever-growing demand for skillful writing. Good money is to be made by anyone who can deliver. But the writing must conform to certain requirements, which are obvious and reasonable when you know them. Yet they tend to escape the notice of the average legal writer. Some

We hope not. It’s not the best reason to write. We hope you’re writing because you have an argument—or a series of arguments—to make on behalf of a client. You must have something worth communicating. Otherwise, you’d just be filling pages—and what you’d say would probably be forced, vacillating, and only half-true. You’d be doing

Many people start writing before they know what they want to say—even before they know precisely what they hope to achieve. The result is typically flabby, disorganized, verbose prose. The best way to produce good writing is to follow a procedure. Until you have lots of experience and self-knowledge as a writer, you can benefit from

When you get your writing published, there’s always a payoff—sometimes far beyond your most hopeful dreams. A solid group of articles, a few insightful book reviews, or even a good monograph or book can mean the difference between a so-so career and a stellar one. Four benefits are sure to come your way: You’ll add

You want to write well in law? Not just to write—which any lawyer can do—but to write well. The distinction between writing and writing well is the difference between shooting baskets in your driveway and high-level competitive basketball, between humming tunes and virtuoso vocal performances, between duffers’ rounds of golf and tournament victories. There’s no mystery about how to write effective

Eight steps—whether you have an hour or half a day: Establish your deadline and figure out what the writing should accomplish. Block out interruptions.Decide what points to make to accomplish your goal. Phrase these points—preferably two or three—in distinct sentences. Know that it’s good to limit your ideas, developing only two or three in depth