Bryan A. Garner

launch. “Launch” has become a vogue word when used in the sense “to begin, initiate” — e.g.: o “USAir Chairman Seth Schofield . . . is visiting Pittsburgh to launch a new service to Mexico City today.” Steve Creedy, “Travel Agents Slap Airlines over Fee Caps,” Pitt. Post-Gaz., 15 Feb. 1995, at F1. o “DuPage …

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laudatory; laudative; laudable. The adjectives “laudatory” and “laudative” both mean “expressing praise.” But “laudative” is a needless variant of “laudatory,” the much more common word. “Laudable,” in contrast, means “deserving praise.” The distinction is the same as that between “praiseworthy” (= laudable) and “praiseful” (= laudatory). The misuse of “laudatory” for “laudable” is lamentably common …

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Latinisms. In the English language, Latin words and phrases typically fall into one of six categories: (1) the ones that are now so common that they’re barely recognizable as Latin (“bonus,” “data,” “vice versa”); (2) the ones that are reduced to abbreviations in scholarly contexts (“e.g.,” “i.e.,” “ibid.,” “id.”); (3) the ones used in the …

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Miscellaneous Entries. ipse dixit (lit., “he himself said it”) = something said but not proved; a dogmatic statement — e.g.: “[Justice William Brennan’s] real doctrine always showed through. It was the doctrine of ipse dixit: He has said it, so it must be so.” “Death with Dignity,” Richmond Times-Dispatch, 30 Apr. 1996, at A8. ipso …

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larynx. “Larynx” /LAR-ingks/ is sometimes, through metathesis, mispronounced /LAR-uh-niks/ or /LAHR-niks/. From the latter mispronunciation comes the inevitable misspelling — e.g.: o “[Ken] Raabe [a puppeteer] uses an object called a swazzle, a kind of small artificial larnyx [read ‘larynx’] placed at the back of his throat, to make the traditional shrill, raspy voice of …

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laissez-faire; laisser-faire. The former spelling has long been standard. Some British publications, however, continue to use the outmoded spelling (“laisser”) — e.g.: o “Should Hongkong’s laisser-faire [read ‘laissez-faire’] government do an about-face to build Hongkong Inc?” “Farewell to Adam Smith,” Economist, 30 Sept.-6 Oct. 1989, at 71. o “This is bonkers, though par for the …

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lady. This word has become increasingly problematic. Though hardly anyone would object to it in the phrase “ladies and gentlemen” or on a restroom sign, most other uses of the term might invite disapproval — depending on the readers’ or listeners’ views about sexism. It isn’t a skunked term, but it’s gradually becoming something like …

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laden. Part A: As a Past Participle Equivalent to “loaded.” “Laden” survives today as a participial adjective {a laden barge} and not as a past participle. To use “laden” as a part of the verb phrase is to be guilty of archaism, although it is still used in shipping contexts {the ship was laden by …

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Miscellaneous Entries. introductory should never be used in the phrase “be introductory of” (something); one should instead write “introduce” — e.g.: “This first section is introductory of [read “introduces”] some of the tenets that constitute part of that framework.” As a noun, “introductory” sometimes serves as a chapter title, but it is inferior to “introduction.” …

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lacuna. “Lacuna” is a formal word for “gap” — e.g.: o “‘London Bridge’ . . . isn’t likely to answer the question, since it simply fills a literary lacuna.” Book Rev., “Celine Away,” Village Voice, 11 July 1995, at 12. o “Female gymnasts inhabit a very strange and specific lacuna between girl and woman.” Jonathan …

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lachrymose; lacrimose. This word, meaning “tearful,” is generally spelled “lachrymose,” which is about 200 times as common as “lacrimose” in modern print sources. Both forms have ancient origins: the classical Latin term is “lacrima” (= teardrop), but the “-chry-” spelling crept into medieval Latin (“lachrymalis”). That newer spelling has long been standard — e.g.: o …

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Labour Party; Labor Party. In Great Britain, the spelling is “Labour Party”; in Australia, the spelling is “Labor Party.” How should Americans spell the name of the British party? Most newspapers Americanize the spelling, making it “Labor,” but the better practice is to spell this proper name, like any other, the way the nameholder spells …

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Miscellaneous Entries. intimidatable. So formed — e.g.: “Sloan was perhaps the least intimidatable player in league history.” Ray Ratto, “Nobody Sings the Blues Louder Than the Jazz,” News & Observer (Raleigh), 6 June 1997, at C1. intramural = conducted within the limits of an organization or body, esp. of an educational institution. The term is …

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kudos. “Kudos” (best pronounced /KYOO-dahs/ or /KYOO-dohs/, with no “-z” sound at the end) derives from the Greek word “kydos” (“glory”). A singular noun meaning “praise, glory,” it is sometimes erroneously thought to be a plural — e.g.: “Last week, he was nominated for best breakthrough performance by the Independent Spirit Awards, and more kudos …

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